San Marino

San Marino claims to be the world's oldest republic — a tiny independent city-state perched dramatically atop Monte Titano in the Apennines of central Italy, surrounded entirely by the Emilia-Romagna region. Founded according to tradition by the Christian stonemason Marinus in 301 AD, it has maintained its independence for 1,700 years and today welcomes 3 million visitors annually to its population of 33,000. The historic centre of San Marino City, a Unesco World Heritage Site, is defined by three medieval towers (Guaita, Cesta and Montale) perched on the dramatic cliff edges of Monte Titano. Guaita Tower, the most accessible, can be entered for excellent views. The Government Palace (Palazzo Pubblico) on the Piazza della Libertà is the seat of government and opens for guided tours. The State Museum (Museo di Stato) has good archaeological and art collections. The views from the battlements across the rolling Emilian hills to the Adriatic coast (visible on clear days) are extraordinary. San Marino is known for its low tax rates and duty-free shopping — cigarettes, electronics and branded goods are cheaper than in Italy. The city of Rimini on the Adriatic is just 25km away, making San Marino an excellent afternoon excursion from a Rimini beach holiday. The summer months are very busy; arriving early morning or late afternoon gives a more atmospheric experience of the hilltop streets.